• Engine Control Module (ECM/PCM) — Controls and monitors engine operation, including fuel, ignition, emissions, and overall engine performance.
• Electronic Throttle Control — Electronically controls throttle opening to regulate engine airflow and acceleration.
• Variable Valve Timing (VVT) — Adjusts engine valve timing to improve performance, fuel economy, and emissions.
• Turbocharger / Boost Control — Controls turbocharger operation and boost pressure to increase engine power and efficiency.
• Fuel Injection System — Controls when and how much fuel is delivered to the engine.
• Fuel System — Controls and monitors fuel delivery, fuel pressure, fuel pumps, injectors, and related components.
• Cooling System — Maintains proper engine temperature through coolant circulation, temperature monitoring, thermostatic controls, and cooling fans.
• Starting System — Controls and monitors the components responsible for starting the engine, including the starter and starting circuits.
• Charging System — Maintains the vehicle's electrical power supply and monitors alternator and battery charging operation.

• Transmission Control Module (TCM) — Controls electronic transmission operation, including shifting, shift timing, and transmission pressure.
• Traction Control System — Helps prevent wheel spin by reducing engine power or applying braking when traction is lost.
• Electronic Stability Control (ESC) — Helps maintain vehicle stability by detecting skidding or loss of control and selectively applying braking or reducing engine power.

• Anti-Lock Brake System (ABS) — Prevents wheels from locking during hard braking and helps maintain steering control.
• Electronic Parking Brake (EPB) — Electronically applies and releases the parking brake while monitoring its operation.
• Brake Control / Stability Systems — Integrates braking, traction control, and stability functions to help maintain vehicle control.

• Battery Management System (BMS) — Monitors battery voltage, temperature, current, and state of charge while managing battery operation.
• Charging System — Monitors and controls battery charging and alternator operation.
• Starting System — Controls the electrical components responsible for cranking and starting the engine.
• Electric Cooling Fan System — Electronically controls cooling fans to regulate engine and A/C temperatures.

• Body Control Module (BCM) — Controls many vehicle body and convenience functions, including lighting, locks, windows, wipers, and other electronics.
• Lighting Control Modules — Control headlights, brake lights, turn signals, interior lighting, and other vehicle lighting.
• Door Control Modules — Control electronic functions within the doors, including locks, windows, mirrors, and courtesy lighting.
• Power Window Control Modules — Control electric windows, window motors, switches, and anti-pinch functions.
• Power Seat Control Modules — Control electrically adjustable seats and, where equipped, memory seat functions.
• Power Mirror Control Modules — Control electronic mirror adjustment, folding, heating, and other supported functions.
• Sunroof Control Module — Controls powered sunroof operation and safety features.
• Instrument Cluster — Displays vehicle speed, RPM, fuel level, temperatures, warning lights, and system information.

• HVAC / Climate Control System — Controls cabin heating, air conditioning, ventilation, blower speed, and temperature.
• A/C Compressor Controls — Controls compressor operation and monitors A/C system conditions.
• HVAC Actuator Controls — Control blend doors, mode doors, and other components that direct airflow and regulate temperature.

• Electronic Power Steering (EPS) — Uses electronic controls to provide steering assistance and adjust assistance according to driving conditions.
• Air Suspension System — Uses electronically controlled air springs to adjust ride height, comfort, and stability.
• Ride Height Control System — Monitors and adjusts vehicle height to maintain the proper ride position.
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Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS) — Monitors tire pressure and alerts the driver when pressure is low or a sensor has a problem.